Town and Milton Fl. Essay Example for Free

Town and Milton Fl. Article Physical framework Human framework Convince somebody to move to a U. S. city of your decision, by depicting the area utilizing terms from the exercise. Make certain to incorporate the name of the city and state you are expounding on and make your reaction in any event one passage long. Section 1. Plymouth, England, to Plymouth, Massachusetts-3,349 miles 2. St. Louis to Ft. Clatsop close to the Pacific Ocean-1,400 miles 3. Omaha to San Francisco-1,430 miles Section 2 If I needed to depict the town I live in I would portray it as a little ole ranch town that neighbors with a greater city situated town toward the West, at that point two more homestead towns toward the North of them, and one toward the East, lastly some greater city arranged/sea shore style territories toward the South. The relative area for Milton Fl. would need to be Baker Fl. they share a similar kind of highlights and style of individuals. Milton Fl. s a position of ranch land, waterways, stream, brooks, and little cafés in as far as possible. Milton and its encompassing towns and urban communities share a typical district of the language, attributes, atmosphere, and culture. Our human framework is loaded up with a wide range of individuals with various qualities and they all work in a solidarity to flexibly, fix, and ensure our territory. They would be exchanges laborers like roofers, mechanics, drivers, ranchers. Individuals like our fire fighters and ladies, police, and crisis administrations. Section 3 I think on the off chance that you are a city individual, at that point Milton isn't the region for you yet in the event that you like the nation with waterways in your back yard and a gator on the other bank than this is the region for you. Milton is an exciting city however it is additionally loaded up with persevering families and creatures also. In general Milton will be my resting place for new comers simply invest some energy in our stream banks and ranch fields and you won't have any desire to leave.

I need a Masters level Historical Theology paper on the life and Research

I need a Masters level Historical Theology on the life and effect (Historical and Theological) of the service of John Wes - Research Paper Example An otherworldly change was required. Strikingly, he was regularly not considered a scholar as Rakestraw states he â€Å"in the eyes of most non-Wesleyan Christians Wesley isn't paid attention to as a scholar of beauty; indeed, he isn't paid attention to as a scholar at all.†1 This has little to do with his standpoint and more to do with his strategy for advancing his religious philosophy. Not at all like referred to scholars, for example, John Calvin, Wesley didn't work out a convention of his religious philosophy across the board place. His philosophy was amassed after some time as he developed in his confidence. Wesley at first started the Methodist development, with his sibling George, contrary to Calvinism which was likewise noticeable in this equivalent period. The impacts of John Wesley are apparent today. In spite of the fact that his underlying strict society comprised of just 40 to 50 members, numerous Protestant categories despite everything follow the Wesleyan conve ntions. This affiliation is regularly viewed as the main Methodist society in London. Wesley joined Arminian precepts which were at that point a part of the Methodist in the eighteenth century Church of England. ... His mom raised her kids with an exacting Christian profound quality that enormously impacted John. John Wesley lived in the 18t century from 1703 to 1791 and was taught at Oxford University. Wesley was one the fifteenth offspring of his family which in the long run had 19 youngsters altogether. One of the powerful snapshots of his adolescence was being safeguarded from a parsonage shoot when he was just 5 years of age. His dad accepted this fire was â€Å"an assault from certain his progressively disappointed parishioners, and it was not the first.†3 This ingrained a sureness in him that he was intended to accomplish something significant in his life. His mom, Susanna likewise had this conviction and she wrote in her own journal, â€Å"’I do plan to be all the more especially cautious about the spirit of this youngster, that Thou hast so leniently accommodated, that I have ever been.†4 As the entirety of the Wesley kids were accomplished, they additionally were p resented to religion. â€Å"Both of Wesley's folks were eagerly engaged with the development against the Puritan obstruction and on the side of the legitimate noticeable quality of the Anglican Church, a strict and political position that was in unmistakable resistance to their family histories†5 They grew up knowing the Bible well and remembering supplications giving a solid establishment to John Wesley’s Christian instruction. His preparation at Oxford followed a run of the mill educational plan â€Å"in rationale, talk, ethics and legislative issues †the Aristotelean controls †and concentrating on a choice of antiquated writers†¦.†6 He proceeded with his investigations there and furthermore got a Masters certificate also. At Oxford, he was to a great extent impacts by The Holy Club and in the long run turned into the pioneer of the gathering. At age 32, he cruised to the American settlements with his sibling, Charles where he was

PhD Research Proposal - How to Write One

PhD Research Proposal - How to Write OneA PhD research proposal is a document that comes from a research student, explaining to the PhD committee what his or her research project will be about and why they feel they have a good chance of success. There are many types of research proposals but they all include some components. Some are much more detailed than others, some don't require an initial grant or funding for travel, others are given to make sure that any scientist who would like to be a part of the project has the chance to attend the next meeting.In any case, when you write a PhD research proposal, you should do so as a group and you should be careful about the way in which you word it. Make sure that you put your name on the proposal and do not leave yourself out. What happens when you have a committee that isn't interested in what you have to say? It is very important that you put your name on the proposal so you can be able to speak freely.Another nice touch to your propo sal is to include the name of your department or institution. Sometimes this is included in the proposal but it is still very helpful to include it. This way if someone asks you questions about your work you can also explain it. The last thing that you need is any questions being asked about your work because it may negatively affect the development of your PhD research.You should always go into your PhD research proposal with a clear plan of how you plan to use the money that you receive for your research. You should always specify what exactly the money will be used for. Don't leave the matter to the committee. There is no point in them worrying about whether or not you can spend the money.If you decide to go into research without an idea in mind, then the committee might want to see your dissertation and outline before you submit your proposal. You might find that one particular area is not of much interest to the committee. Try to see the big picture. Make sure that you are tell ing them why you feel that the research will be beneficial and why you can expect good results.After you have written your research, the second thing that you need to do is to go out and get published or publishable publications. That is the big step that you need to take to advance in your career. If you don't succeed, you will not get that big promotion at the end of your career, your friends will talk about you and probably nobody will hire you as a PhD researcher!When you are writing your PhD research proposal, don't forget to check with your advisor. She or he will be able to suggest what they think your chances are and if there are other aspects that you need to address.

Parental Ethno Theories Of Childhood Development - 2795 Words

PARENTAL-ETHNO THEORIES Culture refers to many characteristics of a group of people, including attitudes, behaviors, customs and values that are transferred from one generation to the following. Cultures throughout the world share many similarities, but are distinguished by considerable differences. For instance, while masses of whole cultures, experiences happiness, how this feeling is expressed varies from one culture to the next. The way we greet someone, or behave in circumstances, with family, with guest, has the shadow of culture or environment in which we are supported and grown up. Culture has a very important function to play in child development. As the culture changes from place to place accordingly the ways of child rearing.†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"When he doesn’t have his nap or go to bed on time, we can always tell the difference—he’s not so happy and playful.† This scenario based on an actual observation illustrates how parents’ cultural beliefs, or â€Å"parental- ethno theories are expressed in the everyday lives of households. Understanding parents’ theories about their children are the key to understanding the strategies parents use to avail their kids grow up to become successful members of their communities. In particular, parental theories about children as learners provide grounding in the ways that parents think about children’s environments for learning. The topic of cultural variations among different societies is especially relevant when we look at the ideas and practices of parenting, since families bear the central duty of raising the following generation of citizens who will require working together across ethnic boundaries in an increasingly complex universe. In addition, cross-cultural research within a larger category such as â€Å"the West† offers the possibility of discovering both universals and differences: the themes and variations that make each culture seem recognizable yet different. PARENTAL-ETHNO THEORIES AND THE DEVELOPMENT NICHE Super and Harkness proposed a

Who Gets Addicted And How - 1174 Words

The Downtown Eastside is considered to be Canada s drug capital, with an addict population of 3,000 to 5,000 individuals. These are the words by Gabor Mate a Canadian physician specializes in addiction. Mate is describing that most of his patients are addicted to cocaine, alcohol, and heroin(Mate 320).This means that most of the people in Downtown Eastside are addicts to illegal substances such as Cocaine, Heroine etc. Addict is someone who cannot survive without particular substance such as Tea, Coffee, Alcohol etc. Living without these kinds of substances is very difficult for an addict person, that he/she gets addicted for a lifetime. Addiction can be caused by Genetic predisposition, but the biggest cause of addiction†¦show more content†¦Henderson’s points out is correct because in a young age a person gets mostly influenced by his/her friends and follow them .For instance, If a person is in a group or in a group meeting, it is often that the person usually fol low the interest of the group. If he/she doesn’t everybody in the group will think that the person is so awkward. So, a person usually copies their peers which causes addiction. Apart from this, drinking excess alcohol in a young age, just for fun can lead the peer to try more dangerous drugs in his/her life. As P.J Graham in his essay â€Å"Alcohol and having Fun† that â€Å"most of the teens try drugs because of fun and enjoyment†. It makes them feel good† (Graham 150).Graham is correct because most of the teens are unaware about the dangerous effects of illegal substances on their health and life. During the first try, it makes them feel excellent. However, this first try of a sip of an alcohol, becomes the lifelong addiction and the teen will eventually found himself trapped in an addiction. Moreover ,trying illegal substances such as alcohol which is readily available in market, can also lead the peer to go through other drugs such as cocaine ,heroin because it’s in addicts mind that, if the alcohol makes him so happy then why not try other drugs. Hence, trying specific drug for a first time can also lead to addiction. Secondly, Addiction is also a result of easy availability of substances such as

Development Of Health And Safety In The Workplace †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Development Of Health And Safety In The Workplace. Answer: Introduction Establishment of health and safety within the workplace is the basic requirement of each business organization. It is important for the organization to create a working environment where the health and safety of the employees will be valued, promoted and supported (Kossek et al. 2014). In order to ensure the health and safety in an organization, it is important to promote workplace health program, safety policies and bring environmental changes within this organization. To establish health and safety program in an organization changes in the organization and individuals behavior is crucial. It is important to increase the awareness among the individuals regarding the necessity of health and safety within the workplace. However, the establishment of a health culture in an organization can be achieved through changing the organizational structure, practices, and policies. Such organizational policies and practices need to align with the health and safety requirement of the employees. T his study deals with the individual and organizational changes to bring health and safety in the workplace. Critical evaluation of the approaches to organizational and individual change to promote health, safety and wellbeing performance in an organization Change is necessary to achieve some positive outcomes in an organization. In order to change the organization to promote health and safety implementation of the action model approach is beneficial. As commented by Edmondson et al. (2016), by following this model the human resource and health promotion professionals can work as a team. Such collaboration between thehuman resource management and the health promotion team is effective to maximize the performance of the well being as individuals can work together and share their idea. This approach also ensures the safety in a workplace. As criticized by Kim et al. (2016), understanding between the individuals is necessary while developing a collaborative work between the two departments otherwise; the organization may fail to meet the ultimate goal. Thus, for every organization, it is important to develop a clear understanding between the individuals while applying teamwork to maximize the performance of the wellbeing. Establishment of the new policy in an organization which meets the requirement of the international policy is effective to bring changes in an existing system. As for example, by following Occupational Health and Safety Act an organization is able to promote health and safety policy in their workplace. As for example, Singapore General Hospital follows such Act to ensure the workplace safety as well as the employees safety in the workplace. As argued by Kim et al. (2016), if the organization fails to comply with the legal norms while taking an approach to ensure workplace safety then it affects the entire operating process. Establishment of the education and training program to increase the awareness among the employees will be an effective approach to maximize the wellbeing performance. However, many organizations provide training to the employees to develop them professionally but the development of health safety-related training highlights the new change in an organization (McFadden et al. 2015). Such educational and training program helps the workplace parties to adopt the occupational health and safety policy. On the other hand, individual change refers to the role of the employees in an organization to bring changes. As for example, leaders of an organization play an important role in developing health and safety within the workplace. The leaders should be inspiring and confident. This type of leaders is able to increase the awareness among the employees regarding the importance of the safety in a workplace. Therefore, the senior level managers are involved in promoting health and safety at work ( Kossek et al. 2014). The managers can use their authority in order to comply with the occupational health and safety. This ensures the workplace safety. Individual change management to promote health and safety in workplace Individualchange management refers to the ability of a person to bring and manage the changes properly in an organization. However, individual changemanagement gives a primary framework to the people to give shape the changes in an organizational system (Cameron and Green 2015). Individual change allows an individual to go through a predictable path to an expected path. In an organization promotion of health and safety is vital, which can be done by maximizing the performance of the individuals. Managers of an organization play an important role in creating a positive health and safety culture by implementing change in an organization. However, senior managers of an organization are an integral part of promoting health and safety within the organization. Managers act as a media between the workforce and the board to manage the upward and downward communication to ensure the health and safety. Managers communicate with the health and safety executives and then share the information am ong the workforce. The managers are responsible to create a safety culture in the workplace. However, managers allocate resources and introduce training program to establish new changes and maximize the performance of the well being. As for example, in the Singapore Petroleum companymanagement has established a good monitoring and tracking process. They have reliable performance indicator to detect the hazards in the workplace (Spc.com.sg 2018). On the other hand, the managers recruit skilled staffs to work safely and identify any safety-related issues. Managers need to establish positive communication and staff engagement to give shape the organizational change. As for example, for the establishment of the no blame culture the managers have to show more concern to their staffs when things are genuinely going wrong. This insists the staffs to report any safety issue without any hesitation. This can be done through effective communication and staff engagement by the managers. As a result, the health and safety can be maintained along with increasing the performance of the individuals in an organization. Organizational change management to improve health, safety, and performance of the wellbeing Organizational change management refers to the management of the structural change and alternation of the existing business process. In order to achieve success and the business goal, organizational change management is necessary. Establishment of a safety culture or bringing changes in the existing safety culture is one kind of major organizational change (Kanaane et al. 2015). Vision, skill, action plan, resources, and value are the major components of the organizational change management. For an organization, it is important to develop a vision of what is the change and why the change is needed. Therefore, to maximize the performance of wellbeing skill is required. Skilled employees are also associated with the change management. In order to improve the safety in an organization allocation of the sufficient resources is required. To create a safety culture development of a positive value system is required. In order to bring changes in an organization, the change agents need to have a good knowledge of the current organizational culture. For a successful change management, the management needs to support the changes and empower the employees to involve in the change management process (Betancourt et al. 2017). A suitable communication strategy is required to establish safety culture in an organization. On the other hand, implementation of the new policy or legislation in the organization is crucial to manage change in an organizational safety process. According to the statistical data it has been found that in Singapore approx 9,261 people were injured in the workplace in 2006 (Mom.gov.sg 2018). Based on such injury rate different industries of Singapore have taken change management program to ensure their workplace safety. As for example, in Singapore General Hospital the authority has established workmens compensation program to ensure the occupational and workplace health and safety (Sgh.com.sg 2018). This program allows the employer to report all accidents regarding the workplace safety as well as an occupational disease to the ministry. As a result, the employees will get compensation for their any injury in the workplace. In order to manage such change in the safety program, Singapore General Hospital maintained a daily tracking process to record the workplace injury. They follow RIDDOR (Reporting Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations), which helps them to track the workplace injury. This change management is helpful for such organization to ensure health and safety in their organization. Discussion of the Prosci change management methodology Change management is essential for every organization to meet the organizational goal. Prosci change management methodology is focused on the individual change management in an organization. However, the prosci change management model is also known as ADKAR model and Prosci 3-phase model (Rosenbaum et al. 2018). It is important for any organization to understand how to bring changes in an organization along with the change of individuals. This process is called Prosci ADKAR model. Awareness, desire, knowledge, ability, and reinforcement are the five main components of ADKAR model. In order to implement a change in an organization, it is important to create awareness among the employees regarding the importance of such certain change. In the next step every staff of an organization needs to participate in the change management program. Therefore, in the next step, every employee needs to have sufficient knowledge how to implement and manage the change in an organization. Therefore eac h individual in an organization should be capable to utilize their skill to implement the new changes in an organization (Kazmi and Naarananoja 2017). Finally, reinforcement is necessary to sustain the change. As for example, Singapore General Hospital always focuses on the health and safety management in their workplace for this purpose they have established workmen's compensation planning. This is a new change in their organization. Hence, application of ADKAR prosci model will be beneficial for them to diagnose the gap and develop corrective actions to give shape this new change. On the other hand, this model allows the manager and supervisor to support this change through individual change management process. The 3-phase process of prosci methodology includes preparation for change, management the change and reinforcement of the change (Karambelkar and Bhattacharya 2017). However, it is crucial for an organization to develop a plan before implementing the change. Then after creating the plan managing of the change is crucial. For an organization, an effective communication is crucial to manage the change in an organization. This enhances the stakeholder engagement in the change management process. Therefore, the training plan is crucial in the change management as it makes the employees flexible with the new environment. Finally, it is important for an organization to take some activities to ensure that the implemented change is sustained. Health and Safety In order to maintain health and safety in the workplace, proactive approach and reactive approaches are used by the organizations. Proactive approach The proactive approach is a process through which an organization can eliminate their problems before these occur in the workplace. In the workplace proactive approach is used to maintain the safety by reducing the number of failures in a system (K?r?lmaz and Erol 2017). However, proactive approach has been taken to create a safety culture in the workplace. Due to lack of proper safety culture in the workplace workplace injury has been increasing rapidly. As per the statistical data in the year the rate of workplace injuries were 1, 2351 in the year 2015, which has increased to 1,3014 in the year 2016 (Wsh-institute.sg 2018). Thus, it is crucial for an organization to use the proactive approach to ensure the safety in an organization. However, by following the proactive approach an organization can take necessary activities to prevent the occurrence of workplace injury. It has been found that in the construction company the workplace injury rate is high. As per the statistical data in the year 2010 the injury rate was 58% and in the year 2015 and 2016 it was 41% and 36% in comparison to other industries. As for example, SEF Construction Pte Ltd is a popular construction company of Singapore. They have adopted the proactive approach to prevent any dangerous occurrence in their place of work. They have implemented in-house safety rules and regulations. Therefore, they carry out daily safety inspection under the guidance of workplace health and safety officer (Sef.sg 2018). This activity ensures their workplace safety approach. Reactive approach The reactive approach is a process, which is taken to mitigate a problem after it has taken place. In order to maintain a long-term safety management in an organization reactive approach is used by the organization. In the reactive maintenance process, quick action has been taken to ensure the safety of an organization. This approach allows an organization to resolve any issue quickly. Reactive approach more expensive in comparison to the proactive approach. The reactive approach has taken in the emergency situation as a result; an organization has to pay the additional cost to cure the damage (Rahmani 2017). Maximum organizations avoid reactive approach as it is costlier and a complex process. Discussion of strategies and approach Strategies should be taken by the organization to create a safety culture in the workplace. One of the major strategies to maintain the workplace safety is to communicate with the stakeholders regarding the safety. However, the organization should talk about the importance of the safety during the work at the employee level, supervisory level and management level (Loeppke et al. 2015). This will increase the awareness among the employees and the management takes the necessary step to maintain the safety. As for example, Singapore General Hospital follows effective communication process to share the health and safety information among the stakeholders. Establishment of health and safety training is a crucial strategy for every organization to develop a safety culture in the workplace. In order to provide safety training to the employees implementation of OSHA, training system is a good approach to ensure the safety in an organization (Loeppke et al. 2015). SEF Construction Pte Ltd focuses on the OSHA training approach to enhance the knowledge among the workers regarding their safety. This training program is an excellent health and safety training program. In order to ensure the workplace safety risk assessment is mandatory for every organization. Therefore, the management needs to encourage the workers to report any health and safety concern time to time. Therefore, implementation of the positive changes should be done to enhance the health and safety in the workplace. Participatory ergonomics on health promotion and health protection in the workplace Participatory ergonomics or PE is associated with health promotion and health protection in the workplace. In this process, the workers are involved to address their health concern. This process is supported by the multilevel steering committee (Yazdani et al. 2015). PE is a process to involve the people to control their own work activities and utilize the power of knowledge in promoting health awareness. PE reduces the failures and improves health outcomes in a workplace. This approach enhances the worker performance and safety in the workplace. This process allows an organization to employ a staff-centered approach. As for example, Singapore General Hospital follows PE and they have established a teamwork in order to share the safety-related knowledge among the employees. This is helpful for this organization to enhance the health promotion and protect the health of both internal and external stakeholders by undertaking healthy activities. Performance of wellbeing Change management is crucial to maximize the performance of the individuals in an organization. Many organizations offer reward and performance appraisal to the employees to improve their performance level (Loeppke et al. 2015). Singapore Petroleum Company includes the healthy activity of the employees as a part of their employee performance. They provide an award to the employees who are conscious about health and safety in the workplace. Therefore, they give performance appraisal to the employees those show healthy activities during their work. This approach is beneficial to enhance the performance of the wellbeing by influencing them to adopt healthy activities in the workplace. Conclusion The entire piece of work reveals the role of change management in promoting health and safety in the workplace. It is important for every organization to establish a safety culture in the workplace as health and safety is an integral part of the workplace. It is important for the organization to bring changes in the existing safety culture of the workplace. However, changes in an organization can be done by individual change management and organizational change management. It is crucial for the organization to provide proper training to the employees to manage change and develop a safety culture in the workplace. References Betancourt, J.R., Tan-McGrory, A., Kenst, K.S., Phan, T.H. and Lopez, L., 2017. Organizational change management for health equity: perspectives from the Disparities Leadership Program.Health Affairs,36(6), pp.1095-1101. Cameron, E. and Green, M., 2015.Making sense of change management: A complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Edmondson, A.C., Higgins, M., Singer, S. and Weiner, J., 2016. Understanding psychological safety in health care and education organizations: A comparative perspective.Research in Human Development,13(1), pp.65-83. Kanaane, R., Akabane, G., Peterossi, H. and Endler, D.C.N., 2015. Organizational change management in a strategic perspective.American Journal of Management,15(2), p.88. Karambelkar, M. and Bhattacharya, S., 2017. Onboarding is a change: Applying change management model ADKAR to onboarding.Human Resource Management International Digest,25(7), pp.5-8. Kazmi, S.A.Z. and Naarananoja, M., 2017. Collection of Change Management ModelsAn Opportunity to Make the Best Choice from the Various Organizational Transformational Techniques.GSTF Journal on Business Review (GBR),2(4). Kim, Y., Park, J. and Park, M., 2016. Creating a culture of prevention in occupational safety and health practice.Safety and health at work,7(2), pp.89-96. K?r?lmaz, O. and Erol, S., 2017. A proactive approach to supply chain risk management: Shifting orders among suppliers to mitigate the supply side risks.Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management,23(1), pp.54-65. Kossek, E.E., Hammer, L.B., Kelly, E.L. and Moen, P., 2014. Designing work, family health organizational change initiatives.Organizational dynamics,43(1), p.53. Loeppke, R.R., Hohn, T., Baase, C., Bunn, W.B., Burton, W.N., Eisenberg, B.S., Ennis, T., Fabius, R., Hawkins, R.J., Hudson, T.W. and Hymel, P.A., 2015. Integrating health and safety in the workplace: how closely aligning health and safety strategies can yield measurable benefits.Journal of occupational and environmental medicine,57(5), pp.585-597. Marn, L.S. and Roelofs, C., 2017. Promoting Construction Supervisors Safety-Efficacy to Improve Safety Climate: Training Intervention Trial.Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,143(8), p.04017037. McFadden, K.L., Stock, G.N. and Gowen III, C.R., 2015. Leadership, safety climate, and continuous quality improvement: impact on process quality and patient safety.Health care management review,40(1), pp.24-34. Mom.gov.sg. 2018.Occupational Safety and Health Profile. [online] Available at: https://www.mom.gov.sg/~/media/mom/documents/safety-health/reports-stats/wsh-profile/osh-profile-2006.pdf [Accessed 26 Feb. 2018]. Rahmani, D., 2017. A new proactive-reactive approach to hedge against uncertain processing times and unexpected machine failures in the two-machine flow shop scheduling problems.Scientia Iranica,24(3), pp.1571-1584. Rosenbaum, D., More, E. and Steane, P., 2018. Planned organisational change managementforward to the past? An exploratory literature review.Journal of Organizational Change Management, pp.20-56. Sef.sg. 2018.SEF Group. [online] Available at: https://www.sef.sg/our-businesses/sef-construction-pte-ltd/ [Accessed 28 Feb. 2018]. Sgh.com.sg. 2018.Singapore General Hospital. [online] Available at: https://www.sgh.com.sg/Pages/default.aspx [Accessed 26 Feb. 2018]. Spc.com.sg. 2018.HSE. [online] Available at: https://www.spc.com.sg/community-society/hse [Accessed 26 Feb. 2018]. Wsh-institute.sg. 2018.Workplace Safety and Health Report 2016. [online] Available at: https://www.wsh-institute.sg/files/wshi/upload/cms/file/WSH%20National%20Statistics%20Report%202016.pdf [Accessed 28 Feb. 2018]. Yazdani, A., Neumann, W.P., Imbeau, D., Bigelow, P., Pagell, M., Theberge, N., Hilbrecht, M. and Wells, R., 2015. How compatible are participatory ergonomics programs with occupational health and safety management systems?.Scandinavian journal of work, environment health, pp.111-123.

The Five

Executive Summary The study of operational management has been around for decades. A general understanding of the nature of operations in management takes businesses to the next level.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Five-star Hotels’ Operational Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Any business has a number of operations divided by their functions, such as the accounting and sales divisions and in any operational unit, work processes exist to smooth operations and eliminate mistakes. All operations of a company are important. They complement and aid each other in the overall operations. This paper will analyze a historic five-star hotel’s operations. It will focus specifically in its current marketing operation. The marketing division is in focus because of the current setback the hotel is experiencing. The hotel used for this study has special features that provide information adequate for the study. Common operational management concepts are used to identify and evaluate the current system. Concepts from lectures and other secondary data are also used to describe, supplement, and reference previous research. Some concepts used are lean manufacturing, benchmarking and business process re-engineering. They were used to identify problems and challenges of the hotel. Potential problems and following recommendations were explored by the end of the paper. The main concern for the hotel is the decreasing number of customers because of the cheaper and quaint hotels in its vicinity. This information is the reason for selecting the operational unit focused on. Methodology The existing data available is provided. There are certain features in the information provided that will allow me to assume a number of things, such as the implications that being a historic hotel will offer.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The concepts used to analyze the data from the hotel and its operations were presented in a lecture during class. They will be discussed on the historic hotel to provide useful information for the improvement of the effectiveness and efficiency of the operations of the hotel. Other secondary data will also be used. The method of analysis will be as follows. First, the current situation of the hotel and the specific operational unit chosen will be described and analyzed. Then existing problems of the hotel and the operational units will be identified and analyzed. Next, the paper will provide recommendations for solutions to the current problems identified. Lastly, the paper will provide potential problems, recommendations, and opportunities that the hotel can plan ahead for. This paper will refer to concepts presented from the class lectures and will aim to improve the overall operations of the hotel by the above method . Brief Description of Special Features Special features of the hotel are as follows: the hotel is historic, it was highly profitable and popular before the past few years, it is privately owned, it is a five-star hotel, it is near hotels which appear economical and quaint, it is strategically in the center of an international city that has a high level of tourists, particularly international tourists. A â€Å"historic† hotel means that the hotel was the setting of a historical event, whether it is a cultural or political event. Thus, it would hold a certain ambience prevalent to the culture of the country in that time of history. The hotel will have retained the architectural style of the period it was built in or at least influenced by it. We can assume that the hotel was popular throughout the years because of this and as suggested by the statement of its high profitability.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Five-star Hotels’ Oper ational Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More That the hotel is privately owned means it is not publicly traded in a securities exchange in the country (Privately owned n.d.). Depending on which type of economy the nation falls into, privately owned enterprises such as this hotel will have a number of implications. If it falls into a traditional economy, operations would be controlled and less dynamic than other systems. A command economy has strong government control while a free market economy has little government control. Mixed economies which combine elements of command and free market economies are the most common economies used by many countries today because of it provides an enough mix of public and private interventions on economic decisions and resource allocation and distribution. (Schmoop Editorial Team 2008). Since it was not stated in the problem what the hotel is like in its economic decisions we will assume it i s under the most common economy which is a mixed economy. The historic hotel is described to be a five-star hotel. This means its standard for quality is of the highest ranking. Five-star hotels are expected to offer excellent service and the highest standards of comfort for their guests. Additional features of five-star hotels include originality in architecture and interior design, high quality construction, and special touches such as fresh flora as decoration. Space, services, and amenities are always sufficient and comfortable (Star rating system hotel requirements for four, five star etc n.d.). Analysis of Hotel There are several operational units in this hotel. These would include general management, front office, rooms division, maintenance, food and beverage, purchasing, marketing, human resources, finance, security and safety, and parking (Best practices n.d.). An overall process flow follows. Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The hotel’s processes are service types. They are considered service shops, which are characterized by medium levels of volume of customers, medium or mixed levels of customer contact, medium or mixed levels of customization, and medium or mixed levels of staff discretion (Slack, Chambers Johnston 2010). These characteristics put the operations between the extremes of professional and mass services. The implications provided by the description of the hotel are that the hotel’s design is not contemporary and the accommodations are pricey. The main problem of the hotel is in marketing their products and services to tourists amidst cheaper hotels in the area. The hotel is in an area where competition is high because it is located in an international city and in a tourist spot. It is essential that a new marketing strategy is applied to save the hotel from lesser profitability in the near future and possible bankruptcy in the long-run. Although not on the same level, com petition with the cheaper hotels is challenging and needs to be addressed immediately. The hotel’s marketing division, since this is the main concern, is the focus of the paper. Analysis of Marketing Operation I chose the marketing division as the operational unit to focus on because it pertains to the mentioned problem of the hotel, which is the decrease of customers. The marketing team is responsible in providing leadership on serving guests better. They provide insight on how to serve the hotel’s customers better by developing pricing, conducting customer surveys, contributing insights on product and service development, and examining competition. The team also supports other divisions in their operations. They support the general management and the purchasing division. Marketing is responsible for advertising and promoting the establishment. Different media are used to do so. Finally, the marketing team is responsible for managing relationships, whether with suppli ers, competitors, or customers (4 core marketing strategies n.d.). Below is a process flowchart of the marketing division. The hotel is said to have lesser customers due to the existence of cheaper quaint hotels around its vicinity. It is located in the middle of an international city and is a tourist spot. Tourists choose other hotels because of the price and charm of neighboring hotels over our hotel. This is not unexpected since tourists do generally vacation on a budget. Affordability is a major factor taken into account by most tourists (Tourists seek cheaper travel options 2012). It is, however, not the only reason as we will discuss later. What the hotel needs to do is ‘think outside the box’ and innovate their services to attract tourists to stay at their hotel regardless of the price. Although the hotel can be said to offer exceptional services as evidence of its five-star status, it needs to think outside the box and market what it can offer to customers that other hotels cannot. Tourists on a budget trip do not mind cheaper hotels’ lack of quality service and the competition in the area is the main challenge the hotel faces. What the hotel needs to do is to â€Å"think outside the box.† Jones (2001, p.82) says that consumers are increasingly looking for â€Å"solutions†, where product, service, advice and expertise are seamlessly integrated. Innovation is important in any industry. It is important for the hotel we are looking at. Innovation with products and services will give the business a competitive edge against competitors in the vicinity. It will give value and uniqueness to the product and services offered and it is up to the managers of the hotel to think of â€Å"solutions† for the customers. Once consumers needs are determined and agreed, then can the innovators work out precisely what to deliver to the consumers and when. It is sensible to learn from past mistakes. A lesson learned from automakers from the past is this – while western automakers focused on ‘adding luxury’ to their vehicles, Japanese automakers focused on ‘adding quality to everything’ (Tennant 2001, p. 4). It is a feature of any five-star establishment to be luxurious but the lesson the hotel can draw from this is to re-focus efforts not on adding luxury to the products offered but to the quality of existing products and services of the hotel. Continuing from this line of thought, the hotel can also do this – focus on quality – by adapting ‘lean’ principles in its operations. Lean principles state that expenditures of resources, if not seen by consumers as value-adding or worthy, should be eradicated (Holweg 2007). This practice reduces unnecessary costs and staffing requirements. For the management of a luxury hotel though, it can be hard to decide if the luxuries offered are reasonable. There is a fine line for five-star establishments between lux uries and those extras that should be eradicated because in definition, luxuries are extra indulgences conductive to pleasure and comfort (Luxury n.d.). The hotel can also do to benchmark. Benchmarking is identifying, analyzing, evaluating, and adapting the industry’s best practices for the advantage of the hotel (Boxwell 1994). The hotel has function rooms that can be used for all kinds of events, from weddings to conferences. Von Starck (2004, para. 3), a general manager of a five-star restaurant and a consultant on hotel marketing issues, particularly on food and beverage issues, says that the design and furniture of function rooms gives an establishment a big advantage. Socialites and brides, in particular, are heavily attracted to the appearance. Food and beverage is also important in drawing good reviews. Food, he says, should be imaginative, with good presentation. The service provided is also important. The quality of service will keep customers coming back developing good relations to clients. Von Starck (2004, para. 6), also said that hotels could really boost sales by working on their menus. By customizing the style, pictures, and look of the design, menus could target different audiences, separately and discretely. Another good marketing strategy practiced by hotels is to bring a personal touch to their websites. Von Starck (2004, para. 1) claims it a fact that the most visited websites are those that include stories and bios about employees of the establishment. The reasoning behind this is that people want to know about the people behind the business. In addition to what the business offers to its customers and what the staff is like, people want to know how these will reflect on them. They want to know if the business will coincide with their personality and lifestyles. They want to know if the business is worth paying and they base these off the websites. The internet is the most convenient and economically friendly media both for busine sses and consumers (Negi 2011). The hotel’s website is a helpful tool in marketing if used wisely. Studies showed that people are increasingly using the internet to book reservations (Crick n.d.). There may come a time when it will become the only media for information gathering that people will use. The hotel having problems with its marketing implies that the current marketing operation is not effective or efficient anymore. Another concept that might help the business in the long run is the concept of business process re-engineering. Business process re-engineering or BPR means that process or work flow of marketing operation will be scrutinized, analyzed and changed if its performance is not effective or efficient for the hotel anymore (Business process re-engineering 2001). The steps in BPR requires the analyst to first identify the processes in the work flow, review and analyze the data and information gathered, design a new work flow, test the new work flow, and after adjustments, implement it. Implementation of BPR is said to be difficult. The rate of failure of BPR is over fifty percent (Revenaugh 1994). The process of changing the work flow takes time and persistence because it requires participation and cooperation of everyone involved. Possible Difficulties and Recommendations It is daunting to face major challenges, especially in the large-scale. Innovation always comes with risk. Implementation of new strategies requires careful planning and attention. There should always a contingency plan or a backup for when going through with a new radical idea. When implementing new strategies, there will be risks of failure. There is a potential that the business would lose more money than they would have gained. When benchmarking and adapting new practices, there is the potential that the best practices do not go well with the particular establishment. Working on smaller projects for the hotel might be more difficult. When working on menus and websi tes, it is noteworthy to be meticulous. A potential problem for the management when looking to eliminate products or services that add no value is the risk of opposite results. When implementing a new work process, problems such as resistance or difficulty in transition of persons involved is expected (Allen Fifield 1999). Careful planning is important when acting on new strategies. To avoid losing money and other set-backs, management should take the time to test products before buying them in bulk and be certain that new services offered will perform to standard before applying them to customers. Management should have contingency plans and emergency procedures for retaliating on defects and errors to stop problems at the earliest time. Maintenance and constant monitoring is necessary to avoid accidents. Opinions and suggestions should be welcomed and taken into account. Resources should be used wisely to avoid loses (Lean manufacturing techniques 2011). Summary of Key Findings B y analyzing the given business using several concepts in operational management, this paper was able to discuss and evaluate the hotel. To start, the hotel needs to think outside the box and implement a new marketing strategy to increase profitability – a demand from any establishment when competition is high in its area. To do this, management needs to add value to their products and services to meet consumers’ ever evolving wants and needs. Instead of focusing on adding luxury to the products and services, management should look at the current quality offered by the hotel and work on improving that. The lean practice of operational management suggests that the establishment eliminates products and/or services with no value to the customers, therefore reducing costs and unnecessary actions. The hotel can benefit greatly by benchmarking. Learning from the best in the industry and adapting practices that suit the establishment will allow the hotel to grow and be competi tive amidst heavy competition. Improving the establishment’s tools is helpful. Paying attention to menus and websites will subtly improve the hotel’s marketing. Adding personality gives the hotel uniqueness and advantage. Finally, the business process re-engineering method would be helpful in the long-run but be prepared for the difficulties it would ensue. Reference List 4 core marketing strategies n.d., http://www.marketingplan.net/marketing-responsibilities/. Allen, D Fifield, N 1999, ‘Re-engineering change in higher education’, Information Research, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 104-110. Best practices n.d., http://www.bestpracticehotel.com/. Boxwell, R 1994, Benchmarking for competitive advantage, McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing, London, UK. Business process re-engineering (BPR) 2001, http://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/business-process-reengineering. Crick, C n.d., Travel opinions – key influences on tourist decision making, http://ezineartic les.com/?Travel-Opinions—Key-Influences-on-Tourist-Decision-Makingid=3296190. Holweg, M 2007, ‘The genealogy of lean production’, Journal of Operations Management, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 420-437. Jones, D 2001, ‘Thinking outside the box’, ECR Journal, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 81-89. Lean manufacturing techniques for identifying waste 2011, http://manufacturing.hubspot.com/bid/30958/Lean-Manufacturing-Techniques-for-Identifying-Waste. Luxury n.d., http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/luxury. Negi, S 2011, E-publishing: the most convenient, eco-friendly and 24Ãâ€"4 accessible online media, http://technology.ezinemark.com/e-publishing-the-most-convenient-eco-friendly-and-24Ãâ€"4-accessible-online-media-7d2dc205ae62.html. Privately owned n.d., http://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/privately-owned.asp#axzz1mirAxVZh. Revenaugh, D 1994, ‘Implementing major organizational change: can we really do it?’, The TQM Magazine, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 38-48. Sh moop Editiorial Team 2008, Types of economic systems, http://www.shmoop.com/economic-systems/types.html. Slack, N, Chambers, S Johnston, R 2010, Operations Management, 2nd edn, Pearson Education Limited, England. Star rating system hotel requirements for four, five star etc n.d., http://www.cerf-resort.com/hotelstarratings.html. Von Starck, E 2004, Food and beverage: how caterers can cream hotels and what to do to get the business back, http://www.panetieremarketing.com/news_articles/caterer_beats_hotels.html. Von Starck, E 2004, Menus that work as a sales tool, http://www.panetieremarketing.com/news_articles/hotel_menus_marketing_tools.html. Von Starck, E 2004, Personality on your web site and why, http://www.panetieremarketing.com/news_articles/personality_sells_website.html. Tennant, G 2001, Six sigma SPC and TQM in manufacturing and services, Gower Publishing Company, England. Tourists seek cheaper travel options 2012, http://www.cruiseshalong.com/content/tourists+seek+chea per+travel+options+/8/2856. This research paper on The Five-star Hotels’ Operational Management was written and submitted by user Helena P. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Clean Edge Razor Splitting Hairs in Product Positioning

Clean Edge Razor Splitting Hairs in Product Positioning Introduction In the year 2007, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Paramount Company established a team that would oversee the development of the company’s new product into the market with the help of technological innovation. This product was meant to be exceptional in the market through gaining a competitive advantage.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Clean Edge Razor: Splitting Hairs in Product Positioning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The team was made up of expertise from different departments of the company such as production, marketing and R D department. After a thorough evaluation of numerous new designs, they concluded that Paramount company revolutionary product would be ultra-thin, vibrating five-blade design labeled† Clean Edge.† This was done with an aim of the company establishing itself as an innovative leader. The Clean Edge non-disposable razor had attributes that were extrem ely striking and appealing to anyone who would use it. For instance, the handle contained an AAA battery which stimulated the hair follicles upon its vibration (Quelch Becham, 2011, p. 1). Additionally, the razor handle was large and heavier enough to facilitate control, balance and grip while shaving. Similarly, the advanced design (Ultra-thin) of the blade reduced significantly the irritation of the skin. The project team is trying to establish the positioning strategy, marketing, branding and budgeting of the new product in the market so as to attract a wide customer base. The report is going to provide the best solution that needs to be considered if the Clean Edge razor wants to be successful in the market. Discussion Changes have been experienced in various sectors of the non-disposable razor category. For example, this category of razor has continuously recorded an increase in revenue growth. From the year 2007 to 2010, the percentage growth was approximated to be five perce nt (5%) in comparison to 2% of the refill cartridges razors (Quelch Becham, 2011, p.2). The introduction and development of new products has significantly increased the non-disposable razor growth percentage in the market. For instance, Paramount Company has introduced the Clean Edge. Furthermore, the market segment for this type of razor has been categorized into three principal segments taking quality and price into consideration. Under quality, the non-disposable razor category is based on super-premium, moderate and value. The super-premium premium segment in the previous decade has recorded a growth that is significant. This is as a result of the innovation of numerous products including the low resistance blade coating, 5-blade technology, lather bar and glide strips among others. The growth is as shown in the table belowAdvertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Quality volume Dollar Super-premium 25% 34% Moderate 43% 44% Value 32% 22% The above table gives some highlights of the segments retail sales for both the Refill Cartridges and non-disposable razor as per 2009 Data. As compared to previous years, more replacement cartridges and razors were purchased by consumers more often. However, the level of replacement of refill cartridge razors has been negatively affected as a result of product innovations. Advertisements have also affected the benefits accrued from frequent replacement of razors. Assessing and discussing the competitive position of Paramount Competitive positioning is all about how paramount company will differentiate its product in the market as well as create market value for it. This will involve checking on the company’s positioning strategy, market profile, the segment of the customer, SWOT analysis and value proposition. The company offers its consumers with two categories of refill cartridges and non-d isposable razors. The first category is the paramount Pro. This product line is positioned in the product category moderate segment. The second product line is the Paramount Avail. This product is viewed as a value offering. For the past five years, none of the product line has been able to introduce important technological innovations in the market. However, they enabled the company in 2009 to conquer the market leader position in terms of unit-volume. This was in reference to the 23.3% share of retail unit. The company new product â€Å"the Clean Edge† razor has resulted to disagreements in the company among various leaders. Some prefer niche product positioning for the product. This will seek to perfectly satisfy the needs of groomers who are fastidious and highly involved and in need of a powerful shaving experience. Some leaders advocate for mainstream positioning. This aims to focus on the superior advantage of offering its client with close to perfect shave. For exampl e, Rosenberg the Pro manager advocates for the adoption of the niche positioning rather than mainstream positioning. He feels that the adoption of the mainstream positioning will draw off clients from Pro. Additionally, the Pro power will be diluted by such a position and yet it’s the main brand of the company. The end result will be cannibalizing of the company from internal factors. On the other hand, the consideration of the niche positioning will perfectly promote the company’s product portfolio. Kim the corporate company market director argues that, the adoption of niche positioning will only satisfy an individual desire rather than the overall company performance (Quelch Becham, 2011, p.5). As a result of advanced technology, consumers have become more sophisticated and are in dire need of technological innovative products which Pro does not provide. The main reason is that Pro has already reached the maturity stage in terms of product life cycle and it’s expected to decline.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Clean Edge Razor: Splitting Hairs in Product Positioning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, the application of the mainstream positioning to position Clean Edge will be valuable to the company. For instance, it will aid in preventing customers that are loyal to Paramount Company from being persuaded by brands that are more innovative. Clean Edge as the company’s new product has the potential of dominating in the market and therefore needs mainstream positioning. Analyzing the non-disposable razor market consumer behavior and segmentation The non-disposable razor market has been split into three based on quality and price. We have the super-premium segment, the value segment and the moderate segment. The super-premium has continuously experienced growth in terms of customer base and sales volume. This is attributed to product innovation in this se gment as compared to the other segments. As a result of innovation, numerous products are available in the market. These are such as the glide strips and lather bar types of non-disposable razor just to mention a few. From the 2009 research study conducted by Paramount, it was clear that there was an increase in the purchase of the replacement cartridges and razors as compared to other years. However, the company executives feel that the cycle of replacement has been affected as results of consumers need to try out products that are new in the market. The consumer intimacy with products varies from one consumer to another. There are those who are loyal to a product and cannot be persuaded to purchase any new product in the market. These consumers in the razor market are labeled as† maintenance shavers† and they are never concerned with any product category. On the contrary, the consumers who are interested in product category can be divided into various groups such as ae sthetic and emotional/ social shavers. These groups are anxious and are willing to act as a guinea pig when it comes to testing of new products in the market. The shavers who are emotional always gain motivation from the overall experience of shaving whilst the other group gets carried away by the outcome of the cosmetics (Aesthetic shavers). The increased demand for super-segment products will increase the sales of Paramount Company as it aims to put its new product† Clean Edge† along that product line. As a result of the introduction of this product into the market, the company will need to channel most of its resources into advertising in order to trigger demand. Arguments for Clean Edge Launching There exist two positions when it comes to launching of the Paramount new product: â€Å"Clean Edge†. There are those who are for mainstream positioning, whereas, there are those proposing the niche product position.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Niche product position: The Company CEO Mr. Randall recommends this position for the Clean Edge product. This is because of its focus on groomers that are fastidious and highly involved customers. These groomers are often pursuing a shaving experience that is more superior. Mainstream product position: This position aims at Paramount advantage of presenting the closest promising shave. In order to come up with a financial forecast that perfectly fits the above options, Randal the Company’s CEO made consultations with the manufacturing and marketing project team. While doing this, the effects of cannibalization were taken into consideration. A hotly contested debate arose whilst a meeting was held with regards to the above product position. This was between the company’s (Paramount) newly hired director of corporate marketing and Pros product Paramount manager Mr. William Kem and Albert Rosenberg respectively. Kim is in charge of the company’s non-disposable razo r group while Rosenberg is in charge of the grooming division. The two managers hold different views regarding the positioning of Clean Edge product. Rosenberg considers niche-positioning strategy while Kim supports mainstream positioning strategy. According to Rosenberg, mainstream positioning strategy will draw away clients from Pro product line. Furthermore, it will weaken the power of the brand (Pro) which is the superior product of the company. In his view, niche-positioning strategy will aid in complementing perfectly the company’s available product portfolio. This view is highly disputed by Kim. He thinks that Rosenberg is interested in fulfilling his desires rather than the company’s interest. Given the fact that the consumers are more complicated thus, expecting more advanced products in terms of technology, then mainstream position is highly recommended for Clean Edge. The use of this positioning will help in preventing Paramount customers that are loyal from being persuaded to consume brands that are more innovative. Therefore, this is viewed by Kim as the perfect positioning as the product has the potential of dominating in the market and mainstream position will help meet the achievement of this goal. Recommendation for Randal regarding the Argument Situation From the above argument, I would recommend Randal as the Chief Executive Officer of Paramount Company to apply mainstream positioning. This is because of its potential in Clean Edge super-premium segment. As a result, the new product will be the men standard shaving and would rapidly gain a competitive advantage in the market. Nevertheless, Randall has to take into consideration the overall company best possible positioning strategy. This is because the mainstream positioning strategy will be highly refuted by Rosenberg the product managers for the company’s Pro’s product. Therefore, Randall has to consider launching the product as a niche product. This should be d one for one year and not more than two years to satisfy Rosenberg and create a good working relationship in the company. Therefore, a simple pro forma should be established by Randall for purposes of identifying the cannibalization impact on paramount product line (Avail and Pro). Additionally, Randall should come up with contingency plans to deal with any challenges that might occur. This will aid in coming up with a decision that is more informed about the positioning of the product and identifying the perfect name of the brand and recommendations on the budget. Brand name for the company The identity of any product is what is known as brand name. It is often specific to a manufacture, a company or a producer. Brand name helps in differentiating similar products in the market such as the non-disposable razor. It is extremely important for a company to own a brand name if a company wants to survive in the aggressive business environment. Therefore, the selection of a brand name sho uld be done keenly. As the product identity and image highly depends on it. Brand name indicates product ownership. Given the current heavy marketing world, very distinct companies sell products that are similar. These products can only be differentiated through the use of a brand name which is unique to a company and easy to recognize. The loyalty of the customers largely depends on the name of the brand. Therefore, these customers will prefer products from a specific company. This is because they are well conversant about their products quality and price. Therefore, I recommend the use of â€Å"Paramount Clean Edge† as it highlights the company as the owner of the product. Market Budgeting Allocations In order to have a Clean Edge successful launch in the market, a significant market budget allocation will be needed. Therefore, for the first year, a total of fifteen million dollars ($15M) will be required for the niche positioning strategy. On the other hand, to maximize on the mainstream position full potential a marketing budget of forty two million dollars ($ 42M) will be required. Therefore, if Clean Edge is launched as a mainstream product, more marketing support will be needed. Despite this being expensive, I recommend mainstream position to be adopted as the market launching strategy. This is because of the underlying reasons. To begin with, the unit volumes for mainstream razors are expected in the first year to capture more than three times the volumes made by niche positioning. As a result, an advertising campaign that is more intensive will be required to capture the wide customer base. Moreover, trade and consumer promotion events will be mandatory and the numerous expenses that will be incurred will be based on volumes. The Key New Product Development lessons learned from the case Analysis From the case, analysis, there are numerous lessons that I have learned. For instance, in order for a company to come up with a new product in the mark et, a group of various experts needs to come together and offer their knowledge. Furthermore, the product should be developed using advanced technology as consumers are becoming more sophisticated. When it comes to market segmentation, there are those consumers who are loyal to a product to the extent that they are not interested in emerging products in the market. A part from the loyal customers, we have those customers who are emotional and aesthetic. These categories of consumers are always ready to experiment with any new product in the market. In a company, arguments are bound to arise when it comes to making decisions regarding the developed product. For example, in terms of positioning, there will be those who will advocate for mainstream product positioning whilst there are those who will go for niche product positioning. Therefore, as a company executive, one needs to do a cost benefit analysis before making any informed decision. A part from positioning, branding can also be a greatest challenge. Before, a brand name can be identified, some arguments have to exist. All in all, what the company really needs is for its product to improve on the sales volume and increase the number of its customers. Reference Quelch, J. A Becham, H 2011, Clean Edge Razor: Splitting hairs in product positing, Brief Cases, 1 (2), pp. 1-10.

Barack Obama - Announcement of Presidential Candidacy

Barack Obama Official Announcement of Candidacy for US President Delivered 10 February 2007, Springfield, Illinois You know, we all made this journey for a reason. Its humbling to see a crowd like this, but in my heart I know you didnt just come here for me. Youcame here because you believe in what this country can be. In the face of war, you believe there can be peace. In the face of despair, you believe there can be hope. In the face of a politics that shut you out, thats told you to settle, thats divided us for too long, you believe that we can be one people, reaching for whats possible, building that more perfect union. Thats the journey were on today. But let me tell you how I came to be here. As most of you know, Im not a native of this great state. I I moved to Illinois over two decades ago. I was a young man then, just a year out of college. I knew no one in Chicago when I arrived, was without money or family connections. But a group of churches had offered me a job as a community organizer for the grand sum of 13,000 dollars a year. And I accepted the job, sight unseen, motivated then by a single, simple, powerful idea: that I might play a small part in building a better America. My work took me to some of Chicagos poorest neighborhoods. I joined with pastors and lay-people to deal with communities that had been ravaged by plant closings. I saw that the problems people faced werent simply local in nature, that the decisions to close a steel mill was made by distant executives, that the lack of textbooks and computers in a school could be traced to skewed priorities of politicians a thousand miles away, and that when a child turns to violence I came to realize that theres a hole in that boys heart that no government alone can fill. It was in these neighborhoods that I received the best education that I ever had, and where I learned the meaning of my Christian faith. After three years of this work, I went to law school, because I wanted to understand how the law should work for those in need. I became a civil rights lawyer, and taught constitutional law, and after a time, I came to understand that our cherished rights of liberty and equality depend on the active participation of an awakened electorate. It was with these ideas in mind that I arrived in this capital city as a state Senator. It It was here, in Springfield, where I saw all that is America converge farmers and teachers, businessmen and laborers, all of them with a story to tell, all of them seeking a seat at the table, all of them clamoring to be heard. I made lasting friendships here, friends that I see here in the audience today. It was here It was here where we learned to disagree without being disagreeable; that its possible to compromise so long as you know those principles that can never be compromised; and that so long as were willing to listen to each other, we can assume the best in people instead of the worst. Thats why we were able to reform a death penalty system that was broken; thats why we were able to give health insurance to children in need; thats why we made the tax system right here in Springfield more fair and just for working families; and thats why we passed ethics reform that the cynics said could never, ever be passed. It was here, in Springfield, where North, South, East, and West come together that I was reminded of the essential decency of the American people where I came to believe that through this decency, we can build a more hopeful America. And that is why, in the shadow of the Old State Capitol, where Lincoln once called on a house divided to stand together, where common hopes and common dreams still live, I stand before you today to announce my candidacy for President of the United States of America. Now Now, listen, I I thank you, thank you, thank you, thank you. [to audience chanting Obama] Look, I Irecognize that there is a certain presumptuousness in this, a certain audacity, to this announcement. I know that I havent spent a lot of time learning the ways of Washington. But Ive been there long enough to know that the ways of Washington must change. The genius of our Founders is that they designed a system of government that can be changed. And we should take heart, because weve changed this country before. In the face of tyranny, a band of patriots brought an empire to its knees. In the face of secession, we unified a nation and set the captives free. In the face of Depression, we put people back to work and lifted millions out of poverty. We welcomed immigrants to our shores. We opened railroads to the west. We landed a man on the moon. And we heard a Kings call to let justice roll down like waters, and righteousness like a mighty stream. Weve done this before: Each and every time, a new generation has risen up and done whats needed to be done. Today we are called once more, and it is time for our generation to answer that call. For that is our unyielding faith that in in the face of impossible odds, people who love their country can change it. Thats what Abraham Lincoln understood. He had his doubts. He had his defeats. He had his skeptics. He had his setbacks. But through his will and his words, he moved a nation and helped free a people. Its because of the millions who rallied to his cause that were no longer divided, North and South, slave and free. Its because men and women of every race, from every walk of life, continued to march for freedom long after Lincoln was laid to rest, that today we have the chance to face the challenges of this millennium together, as one people as Americans. All of us know what those challenges are today: a war with no end, a dependence on oil that threatens our future, schools where too many children arent learning, and families struggling paycheck to paycheck despite working as hard as they can. We know the challenges. Weve heard them. Weve talked about them for years. Whats stopped us from meeting these challenges is not the absence of sound policies and sensible plans. Whats stopped us is the failure of leadership, the smallness the smallness of our politics the ease with which were distracted by the petty and trivial, our chronic avoidance of tough decisions, our preference for scoring cheap political points instead of rolling up our sleeves and building a working consensus to tackle the big problems of America. For the past six years weve been told that our mounting debts dont matter. Weve been told that the anxiety Americans feel about rising health care costs and stagnant wages are an illusion. Weve been told that climate change is a hoax. Weve been told that tough talk and an ill-conceived war can replace diplomacy, and strategy, and foresight. And when all else fails, when Katrina happens, or the death toll in Iraq mounts, weve been told that our crises are somebody elses fault. Were distracted from our real failures, and told to blame the other Party, or gay people, or immigrants. And as people have looked away in disillusionment and frustration, we know whats filled the void: the cynics, the lobbyists, the special interests whove turned our government into a game only they can afford to play. They write the checks and you get stuck with the bill. They get the access while you get to write a letter. They think they own this government, but were here today to take it back. The time for that kind of politics is over. It is through. Its time to turn the page right here and right now. Now look [Audience chants ObamaObamaObama] Okay. Alright. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Look, look, we have made some progress already. I was proud to help lead the fight in Congress that led to the most sweeping ethics reforms since Watergate. But Washington has a long way to go, and it wont be easy. Thats why well have to set priorities. Well have to make hard choices. And although government will play a crucial role in bringing about the changes that we need, more money and programs alone will not get us to where we need to go. Each of us, in our own lives, will have to accept responsibility for instilling an ethic of achievement in our children, for adapting to a more competitive economy, for strengthening our communities, and sharing some measure of sacrifice. So let us begin. Let us begin this hard work together. Let us transform this nation. Let us be the generation that reshapes our economy to compete in the digital age. Lets set high standards for our schools and give them the resources they need to succeed. Lets recruit a new army of teachers, and give them better pay and more support in exchange for more accountability. Lets make college more affordable, and lets invest in scientific research, and lets lay down broadband lines through the heart of inner cities and rural towns all across America. We can do that. And as our economy changes, lets be the generation that ensures our nations workers are sharing in our prosperity. Lets protect the hard-earned benefits their companies have promised. Lets make it possible for hardworking Americans to save for retirement. Lets allow our unions and their organizers to lift up this countrys middle-class again. We can do that. Lets be the generation that ends poverty in America. Every single person willing to work should be able to get job training that leads to a job, and earn a living wage that can pay the bills, and afford child care so their kids can have a safe place to go when they work. We can do this. And lets be the generation that finally, after all these years, tackles our health care crisis. We can control costs by focusing on prevention, by providing better treatment to the chronically ill, and using technology to cut the bureaucracy. Lets be the generation that says right here, right now: We will have universal health care in America by the end of the next Presidents first term. We can do that. Lets be the generation that finally frees America from the tyranny of oil. We can harness homegrown, alternative fuels like ethanol and spur the production of more fuel-efficient cars. We can set up a system for capping greenhouse gases. We can turn this crisis of global warming into a moment of opportunity for innovation, and job creation, and an incentive for businesses that will serve as a model for the world. Lets be the generation that makes future generations proud of what we did here. Most of all, lets be the generation that never forgets what happened on that September day and confront the terrorists with everything weve got. Politics doesnt have to divide us on this anymore; we can work together to keep our country safe. Ive worked with the Republican Senator Dick Lugar to pass a law that will secure and destroy some of the worlds deadliest weapons. We can work together to track down terrorists with a stronger military. We can tighten the net around their finances. We can improve our intelligence capabilities and finally get homeland security right. But lets also understand that ultimate victory against our enemies will only come by rebuilding our alliances and exporting those ideals that bring hope and opportunity to millions of people around the globe. We can do those things. But all of this cannot come to pass until we bring an end to this war in Iraq. Most of you know Most of you know that I opposed this war from the start. I thought it was a tragic mistake. Today we grieve for the families who have lost loved ones, the hearts that have been broken, and the young lives that could have been. America, it is time to start bringing our troops home. Its time Its time to admit that no amount of American lives can resolve the political disagreement that lies at the heart of someone elses civil war. Thats why I have a plan that will bring our combat troops home by March of 2008. Let the Iraqis know Letting the Iraqis know that we will not be there forever is our last, best hope to pressure the Sunni and Shia to come to the table and find peace. And theres one other thing that its not too late to get right about this war, and that is the homecoming of the men and women, our veterans, who have sacrificed the most. Let us honor their courage by providing the care they need and rebuilding the military they love. Let us be the generation that begins that work. I know there are those who dont believe we can do all these things. I understand the skepticism. After all, every four years, candidates from both Parties make similar promises, and I expect this year will be no different. All of us running for President will travel around the country offering ten-point plans and making grand speeches; all of us will trumpet those qualities we believe make us uniquely qualified to lead this country. But too many times, after the election is over, and the confetti is swept away, all those promises fade from memory, and the lobbyists and special interests move in, and people turn away, disappointed as before, left to struggle on their own. Thats why this campaign cant only be about me. It must be about us. It must be about what we can do together. This campaign must be the occasion, the vehicle, of your hopes, and your dreams. It will take your time, your energy, and your advice to push us forward when were doing right, and let us know when were not. This campaign has to be about reclaiming the meaning of citizenship, restoring our sense of common purpose, and realizing that few obstacles can withstand the power of millions of voices calling for change. By ourselves, this change will not happen. Divided, we are bound to fail. But the life of a tall, gangly, self-made Springfield lawyer tells us that a different future is possible. He tells us that there is power in words. He tells us that theres power in conviction. That beneath all the differences of race and region, faith and station, we are one people. He tells us that theres power in hope. As Lincoln organized the forces arrayed against slavery, he was heard to say this: Of strange, discordant, and even hostile elements, we gathered from the four winds, and formed and fought to battle through. ¹ That is our purpose here today. That is why I am in this race not just to hold an office, but to gather with you to transform a nation. I want I want to win that next battle for justice and opportunity. I want to win that next battle for better schools, and better jobs, and better health care for all. I want us to take up the unfinished business of perfecting our union, and building a better America. And if you will join with me in this improbable quest, if you feel destiny calling, and see as I see, the future of endless possibility stretching out before us; if you sense, as I sense, that the time is now to shake off our slumber, and slough off our fears, and make good on the debt we owe past and future generations, then I am ready to take up the cause, and march with you, and work with you today. Together we can finish the work that needs to be done, and usher in a new birth of freedom on this Earth. Thank you very much everybody lets get to work! I love you. Thank you. Hello Springfield! Look at all of you. Look at all of you. Goodness. Thank you so much. Thank you so much. Giving all praise and honor to God for bringing us here today. Thank you so much. I am I am so grateful to see all of you. You guys are still cheering back there? [to audience on left.] Let me Let me begin by saying thanks to all you whove traveled, from far and wide, to brave the cold today. I know its a little chilly but Im fired up.

Immunology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Immunology - Essay Example The fourth fraction, F4, has a low concentration of protein. This is because in this fraction, serum was not diluted. Therefore, aggregation of proteins could not occur because of lack of hydration of protein. Protein concentration of F1 was 5.90mg. This increased till 14.56mg protein concentration for F3. Fraction F5, which is a mixture of F2 and F3 had a protein concentration of 16.00mg – the highest. Purification by ammonium suphate precipitation is useful for large protein samples. It is a cheaper process. However, the resulting protein obtained is not very pure. Moreover, this technique requires additional purification steps. The results of purification through ion exchange chromatography (IEX) are shown in section 3 of the results. The purification of IgG was performed. IgG accounts for only 10% of the serum proteins. Yet, the concentrations of IgG in fraction F2, F3 and F5 were 2.08, 1.42 and 2.80 mg/ml respectively, which are relatively high. IEX is a cost effective process and results in higher protein recovery. It has high resolving power. The percentage yield of protein for all fractions is given in section 4. A higher yield of IgG is seen in fractions F2 and F5 compared to fraction F3. A machine error may be the reason behind this. This is because the reading for F2/F3 and F5 was taken on different spectrophotometers. The results of the Single Radial Immunodiffusion assay and precipitin arcs are shown in section 5. In figure 1, purple precipitin arcs confirm the presence of IgG. Multiple arcs for F3 and F4 indicate the presence of contamination in these protein fractions. In figure 2, the precipitation ring is observed. It is seen that as the diameter of the ring increases, there is a decrease in the protein (antigen) concentration. Moving further away from the center, IgG concentration

Introduction about Drones and Seattle Police's Drones Essay

Introduction about Drones and Seattle Police's Drones - Essay Example The ones used for attacking enemy lines have recently been a part of war on terrorism where they are used to figure out enemies on the ground and then they are used to eliminate these enemies. The ones used for surveillance purposes have been used both domestically and internationally for security purposes. For example: recently the state of Seattle purchased two drones each costing a total of $41,000 (Clarridge, 2012). These drones are under the testing phase and are controlled by the police department of Seattle. These drones have been adopted by the police department for the purpose of surveillance and these drones have cameras along with infrared eye attached to it. There are various benefits of using drones, these include: they are in expensive, they save lives and they provide a competitive advantage to the side that is using them (Benjamin 18). Clarridge, Christine. "Police Department demonstrates new drone, to help allay concerns | Local News | The Seattle Times." The Seattle Times | News, sports, weather, events in the Northwest. N.p., 27 Apr. 2012. Web. 13 Mar. 2013.

Bartleby the Scrivener: Catatonic Schizophrenia :: Health, Diseases, Mental Disorder

Misery loves company and in Melville's "Bartleby the Scrivener", Bartleby exhibits traits of depression and catatonic schizophrenia as defined in the DSM-IV; however the narrator's other employees also show symptoms of catatonia either influenced by Bartleby or by Melville's own mental state. The theme of mental disorder is prominent throughout the text and a close analysis of specific passages in concordance with the DSM-IV will first reveal how Bartleby exemplifies these mental disorders and secondly show to what extent the entire story serves to personify them. Bartleby demonstrates behaviours indicative of depression, the symptoms he has in accordance with the DSM-IV are a loss of interest in activities accompanied by a change in appetite, sleep, and feelings of guilt (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, 320). Very shortly after Bartleby begins his work as a Scrivener he is described by the narrator as having done â€Å"nothing but stand at his window in his dead-wall revery†. (Melville, 126) In contrast, Bartleby had previously been described as a very hard worker and this process of doing increasingly less shows how his a diminishing sense of interest both in his work but also of the perception others have of him. It is also noted that included in this lack of interest is a social withdrawal (DSM—IV, 321) which corresponds well to Bartleby in that his workspace becomes known as his â€Å"hermitage†. During small talk which included Bartleby he says that he â€Å"would prefer to be left alone†. (Melville, 120) Bartleby only emerges from his hermitage when called upon and quickly returns when faced with confrontation. His lack of appetite is noticed early where in the narrator notices â€Å"that he never went to dinner†. (Melville, 51) We discover later that he has been eating a bit of ginger-nuts and some morsel of cheese, (Melville, 88) however the narrator suggests that this is a pitiable amount of food and that Bartleby is clearing suffering. In fact his refusal to eat ultimately leads to his death; one might infer that it was a form of suicide as he says that he â€Å"prefers not to dine to-day... [i]t would disagree with me; I am unused to dinners†. (Melville, 235) This implies that Bartleby hadn’t been eating for a long time. Also refusing to eat, Bartleby is shown to very seldom sleep. The narrator mentions that he is â€Å"always there; - first in the morning, continually through the day, and the last at night†, (Melville, 84) he makes his home in the office and the narrator comments that he finally does sleep at the end when he is dead.

The Influence of Educational Philosophy on a Proposed Early Learning Environment Annlatish Jones

While developing a classroom with the parameters of utilizing the knowledge of educational philosophers it has been found that in order to do so effectively, it is best accomplished using an emergent curriculum and consideration for the individual child. Determining the best approach for implementing the proposed curriculum is guided by the Montessori, Gardner and Vygotsky theories focusing mainly on the ideas of scaffolding, open ended play and multiple intelligences. When introducing the PA Early Learning Standards to the proposed plan, it is found that a variety of presentations of information can be given to children of different learning styles all while getting the same main idea across. Loris Malaguzzi, the creator and force behind the work that is proof positive of the benefits of early childhood education has said a great thing about how children learn, â€Å"Creativity seems to emerge from multiple experiences, coupled with a well-supported development of personal resources, including a sense of freedom to venture beyond the known. This is the heart of the educational philosophy with which my classroom for preschoolers is designed and which guides the tenants of approach for environment, curriculum and practice. Children learn through their experiences and we as their caregivers, build upon their knowledge to develop not just the whole group, but the whole child. In addition to the founding and current principles that run the early child hood environments found in Reggio Emilia, Italy, the ideas of Vygotsky, Gardner and Montessori will and do have influence over the environment that the children learn and explore in.. A founding tenant of their success in Reggio Emilia, is the employment of their emergent curriculum, otherwise what is known as a project oriented approach to the children's experiences (Malaguzzi, 2013). In other words, the children’s interests guide their planned experiences, with their free exploration being the most opportune time to observe, record, and quietly reflect on their blooming interests. This is the scaffolding that Vygotsky so wisely explored and classrooms worldwide employ the technique of assessing prior knowledge and then building upon what they have learned with planned experiences. By taking what is seen from these times, the teachers can come together to plan and negotiate experiences so there will be a better sense of what the children need to learn from what they want to know. Also popular to our counterparts in Italy, are the Montessori methods which focus greatly on hands on learning. The classroom that I envision is all hands on, with experiences geared towards the senses that in turn ensure a logical sense of order and reason to what the child takes in and gets out of their time in the environment. Much like the ideas behind the emergent curriculum, it is understood that Dr. Montessori envisioned a child that showed us what they wanted to learn and it was the adults who geared their plans towards their interests. The idea that, â€Å"Children's emotional, social, and academic development improve when they are empowered through choice† (Shaw, 2012) gives rise to the notion that by allowing children the free choice to explore as frequently as possible we give them the power to enjoy their learning, and it is well understood that when anyone, not just children, enjoy their experiences they take more from them. To allow children to take something from their environment requires that the environment itself gives them a reason to enjoy it. Essentially by creating a requirement that the environments development caters to not just their interests but the means of learning that the children exhibit, we give the youngest learners the option of how to learn new things best. The idea of multiple intelligences brought about by Gardner, which is also found throughout the environments and planning in Reggio Emilia, is essential to catering to the whole child. The theories proposed by Gardner are, of the various educational theorists, the least tested yet are still found in practical and standing use in early childhood settings around the globe (Smith, 2008). The overwhelming evidence of children who successfully approach, understand and build upon a variety of subjects when the setting takes into account that particular child's strengths grants his theories a reprieve from the traditional clinical trials that often accompany the proven success or failure of a theory (Smith, 2008). Taking into consideration the theorists and philosophy of the previously discussed methods, the classroom would follow traditional center format with meeting times and typical transitions. Presentation of information that builds upon the groups prior knowledge would and should take the form of a variety of experiences, such as finger plays during meeting times, songs during transitions, hands on materials for math, science, and language center, and introduction to practical experiences for dramatic, creative and block play that encourage their exploration of the theme or ideas that are of current interest. Understanding that the project based approach is embedded within the ideas of the emergent curriculum, it is understood that many times some projects will range in time taken from hours to several weeks, if not longer. This being kept in mind, no particular set theme for a lesson plan should be set in stone, but rather a general topic of guidance that reflects their interest’s will be all that is necessary. Presenting open ended materials that are a tenant of the Montessori philosophy will be the rule rather than the exception, and this will encompass all areas of learning. Presenting traditional materials such a tactile letters, counters, pattern boards, magnatiles, as well as others, would be used in conjunction with specific ideas that are presented by the teachers. Instead of just tracing out the letters with our fingers, a teacher could present the picture of a frog much like one found outside and practice tracing the letters in sequence of the word frog. Reviewing ideas found within the PA Early Learning standards would require and exploration in many areas of academics that we break down in to simpler parts. The simple aforementioned frog activity could easily relate to several language standards, but also keeps in mind that different children learn in different ways. Instead of just allowing a child to copy from a written word, we take into consideration that some children may respond better by touch and by trying to use the tactile letters, we give a certain type of child a better understanding than the otherwise may have experienced. The ideas behind this process would be followed throughout the entire learning environment in that free play would be frequent, if not dominant to the schedule. Allowing this type of learning gives the children the ability to explore at their own pace. In a side note, free play does not indicate a lack of observation, this free play is imperative to our understanding of what to introduce as their interests expand. Introduction of new ideas is not dependent upon formal meetings, but can include material rotation, field trips, parent involvement, or any number of explorative processes. This type of play keeps in line with our emergent curriculum, in that if you present it, it will either take or it won't. If children show an interest in a direction or step that would be logical or following their current interests, the plan is then followed. If they show no interest, understanding or become easily frustrated or distracted with a new toy, idea, or concept, it is clear indication to the educators that their group or individual child is not ready for this step or direction. Allowing this type of freedom rather than presenting ideas that were not created from the children’s explorative interests themselves; we are getting a better insight into what makes up the child not just in a group, but as an individual. The idea of individuality is also key to the type of curriculum that would be essential to the preschool learning environment being created. The observations and teachable moments found during ordinary play verses a formal assessment of the child's interests, will give a real insight into how the children learn. Knowing how a child learns best is the basic principle to Gardner’s multiple intelligences. As mentioned earlier that new ideas and concepts would not be introduced in a consistently formal way, opportunities for understanding not only a child’s interests, but understanding why or why not that child took to a subject is imperative for individualized planning. When a child shows frustrations with a tactile learning experience such as the language learning mentioned earlier, but the child is a noticeably busy and excited child outside or in a gym, perhaps ncouraging the child to recognize those letters in sequence on wastepaper bins and encouraging throwing a ball in sequence into those bins may be a better learning experience. This will help the educators conclude not a failure of the particular initial experience, just a better way to build upon their current interests in areas more suited to their learning styles. Determining how to focus in on their learning styles wo uld be related to the Pa Early Learning Standards which govern the necessity, and importance of learning for all planned experiences for any three to five year old child in a licensed day care in the state of Pennsylvania. The standards govern a variety of learning concepts in the area of art, math, language, science, and require a specific set of information to be passed along in some form or another to the younger learners. In the area of fine arts there is a strong focus not just on creation, but on reception, performance and personal response. Essentially there is so much more to art than just paints, clay and crayons. The importance of dramatic play and musical expression in many varieties should and will be expressed not just with toys or background music. I would love to see culturally diverse instruments, cd players and tape recorders for exploration of their own creations, in addition to dramatic play props related to their interests, and a free and open art center with a variety of tactile and fine motor experiences in a creative station. The walls would be adorned with not just their art work, but professional and classical pieces that are frequently changed to accommodate their changing interests. In opposition to the freedom of creation, math concepts are very finite and concrete and the understanding of these concepts being primarily one to one correspondence and simple number recognition are essential for school success. Beyond this, the state standards want to see that children are grasping basic algebraic concepts, statistical analyses appropriate for the ages served, reasoning, connections, communication, and problem solving,. What is great about this is that communication is not only encouraged in the standards but expected, so a simple math worksheet will not work. Counters, pattern boards, relating math concepts to everyday situations, and inspiring discussion amongst smaller groups and individuals is imperative to our basic plan of working with an emergent curriculum. If we can light the spark of understanding, they can carry the torch to where they would like to learn next. More importantly, it's not just about having a math center; it is about providing those opportunities physical and verbally in all aspects of play. Language is not just a means of communication, but a way to express feelings and thoughts. For the younger preschool, the concept of being to express your needs in a means other than crying is new and there are so many possibilities. Environmental print is essential, and important in order to achieve the goals set forth in the PA Early Learning Standards. Comprehension, pre reading skills, writing quality are all parts of the standards that must be addressed, but with various options for every child and style of learning that can and should be presented. Labels for not just materials but for everyday objects, a variety of printed materials such as books, letters of all forms, plenty of paper types for writing and inspiring mediums such as sentence strips, letter stickers, envelopes, designed paper, and cards with words and their names preprinted on them, to allow interest and ownership of their work. Taking an interest in not just their classroom, but the outside learning environment is critical to the PA Early Learning Standards. The science concepts that we cover will focus a lot on the environment outside our window and the means with which we can bring it back into the classroom. Leaf samples, rock types, living and not living samples, and sorting materials, as well as tools such as magnifying glasses, binoculars, tracing paper, pencils and crayons; all of these materials and more lead to open ended thinking and understanding the design and structure of the natural world around them. Letting the children lead and then in turn letting the educators build upon their experiences to enhance their knowledge base is key to them moving on and understanding something on their own that is just a step above that we can build upon again. Building this knowledge base is essential to the curriculum and program that would be utilized in my preschool classroom. Catering to the individual hildren as well as the group will be in the plan presented and would cover the collective interests in the plan for their developmental stimulation. A base idea which is presented in a lesson can be broken down into a variety of sub plans for individualized learning. For instance, a math lesson could involve counting out butterfly wings. By introducing the pairs as individual parts, we are encouraging one to one correspondence, which is covered under standard Mathematical Thinking and Technology standard 2. 1. 1. Under that particular standard there are indicators related to rote counting, voca bulary and correspondence up to twenty, which gives quite a bit of flexibility to attend to a counting wings task and allows variation dependent upon the learner and the ability. For instance a child who is more interpersonal, dress up butterfly wings purchased from a discount store and counting amongst friends, logical learners may benefit from butterfly wing counters, and there is also the option for the bodily kinesthetic learner to have butterfly finger puppets. For a child who has mastered the skills of counting, perhaps expanding to the notion that we can count in multiples, which would bring in a concept of patterns and allow the idea of two wings to one butterfly to assist in this plan. Moving beyond just the counting, children who are more creative can color and cut out their own butterflies and then number them to be used as counters for the whole group. By providing multiple strategies under the same standard, you are addressing the needs and abilities of many within the group. In the case that you want to introduce the life cycle of a butterfly, found under the Scientific Thinking and Technology standard 3. 1b. 2, you can present pictures of the life cycle at the creation center and allow them to use whatever materials they see fit to model the life cycle. Providing the opportunity for children to utilize different props and recreate the life cycle in the dramatic play center is another option for the interpersonal learner. For those who are more linguistic, perhaps letting them dictate the ideas of how the life cycle occurs while they look at pictures, or if they are advanced in their writing skills assist them in sounding out the words they want to use and let them write it relatively independently. These are all ideas that can be expanded upon into other standards, centers of interest, and permitted across the age ranges served in the classroom. Through a variety of learning experiences, we provide our youngest learners with a chance to experience at their own pace and level. By educators and experience providers choosing to let them explore on their own terms, we are giving them a grander opportunity to learn more effectively and utilizing the theories of those that inspired the ideas in Reggio Emilia and with the emergent curriculum approach, we are doing so with purpose. When we allow children to explore at their own pace, we are really letting them show us what they want to know, and in turn we introduce what they need to know which is what allows us to truly develop the whole child. References Malaguzzi, L. (2013, March 22). The Reggio Emilia Approach. Retrieved from Campus Kindergarten: http://www.uq.edu.au/campuskindy/Reggio_Emilia_for_parents.pdf Shaw, L. F. (2012, January 27). Montessori: The Missing Voice in the Education Reform Debate . Retrieved from Huffington Post: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/laura-flores-shaw/montessori-education-debate_b_1237451.html Smith, M. K. (2008). Howard Gardner and Multiple Inteliigences. Retrieved from The Encyclopedia of Informal Education: http://www.infed.org/thinkers/gardner.htm